Hyphodontia australis is recorded and described from the Nothofagus forests
of southern Argentina and from New Zealand. The species, previously known
from Australia, is an odontioid to hydnoid taxon with orange to chestnut co
lored hymenial surface that readily turns violet upon the application of a
drop of KOH solution. Specimens of H. australis from different areas are si
milar in all features except the spores, that vary from ellipsoid (Australi
an material including the type), broadly ellipsoid (New Zealand collections
), to narrowly ellipsoid or subcylindric (Argentinian specimens). The inclu
sion of this taxon in Hyphodontia is supported by the presence of imperfora
te parenthesomes, hyphodontioid hyphae, basidia, leptocystidia, and by cult
ural features.