Highly efficient linear waveguide modulator based on domain-inverted electro-optic polymers

A Y-branch waveguide directional coupler modulator based on domain-inverted electro-optic polymers is demonstrated for highly efficient analog modulat ion. A detailed theoretical analysis is given to show its working principle s based on coupled-mode theory. Domain-inverted electro-optical polymers ar e obtained by using a high-voltage pulsed poling technique. The demonstrate d domain-inverted polymers represent a promising technology for creating a new class of electro-optic modulators with superior performance over conven tional counterparts. By using domain inversion in a Y-branch waveguide dire ctional coupler, the polymeric electro-optic waveguide modulator provides a highly linear modulation transfer curve that shows a similar to 100% modul ation efficiency with an intermodulation distortion less than -30 dB. The d emonstrated modulator also features a switching voltage of 10 V and an exti nction ratio of -28 dB at operation wavelength of 1.32 mu m. A linear modul ation transfer curve and a 3-dB operating point are obtained without a bias voltage or an asymmetric device structure through a single uniform electro de. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-328 6(00)00503-1].