M. Sowers et al., Radiographically defined osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in young and middle-aged African American and Caucasian women, OSTEO CART, 8(2), 2000, pp. 69-77
Osteoarthritis (OA) has been characterized as a slowly evolving degenerativ
e disease affecting cartilage and bone, with a multifactorial etiology that
may differ depending on the joint site. Because OA has been considered a d
isease of the elderly, few population-based studies have examined its frequ
ency and characteristics in persons under the age of 45.
Objective In this cross-sectional study, we examined X-rays of both knees a
nd the dominant hand in a population of younger black and white pre- and pe
rimenopausal women in southeastern Michigan (N=1053) for evidence of osteoa
rthritis, and reported these outcomes according to the risk factors of age,
body size, injury, and smoking behavior.
Design: Sixteen joints of the dominant hand as well as both knee joints (we
ight bearing) were evaluated using the Kellgren and Lawrence Atlas of Stand
ard Radiographs of Arthritis.
Results: By age 40, radiographically-defined osteoarthritis emerges in both
the hands and knees. These age characteristics are observed in both black
and white women, however prevalence of knee OA was higher in black females
(23.1%) compared with white females (8.5%), and although prevalence of hand
OA was more comparable between black (25.5%) and white females (19.2%), th
e joint sites affected differed. The major risk factors reported in studies
of older populations are present in this younger population where OA is ne
wly emerging.
Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence that primary prevention of
OA must be implemented in young adulthood to curtail the emergence of radi
ographically-defined OA at the mid-life. (C) 2000 OsteoArthritis Research S
ociety International.