Xanthomonas maltophilia infection in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Xanthomonas maltophilia infection has only been occasionally reported in pa tients receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis. We describe four cases of Xan thomonas maltophilia infection associated with chronic peritoneal dialysis. Two patients presented with peritonitis and two with exit site infection. All patients were diabetics, who immediately prior to the study had not rec eived antibiotic therapy. Failure to respond to multiple antibiotic therapy resulted in catheter removal in both patients with peritonitis. In those p atients with only exit site infections, dialysis could be continued followi ng antibiotic therapy and catheter replacement in one. Catheter loss in our patients was directly attributed to peritonitis with Xanthomonas maltophil ia infection.