S. Faure et al., Rapid progression to AIDS in HIV+ individuals with a structural variant ofthe chemokine receptor CX(3)CR1, SCIENCE, 287(5461), 2000, pp. 2274-2277
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters cells in vitro via CD4 and a core
ceptor. Which of 15 known coreceptors are important in vivo is poorly defin
ed but may be inferred from disease-modifying mutations, as for CCR5, Here
two single nucleotide polymorphisms are described in Caucasians in CX(3)CR1
, an HIV coreceptor and leukocyte chemotactic/adhesion receptor for the che
mokine fractalkine. HIV-infected patients homozygous for CX(3)CR1-1249 M280
, a variant haplotype affecting two amino acids (isoleucine-249 and methion
ine-280), progressed to AIDS more rapidly than those with other haplotypes.
Functional CX(3)CR1 analysis showed that fractalkine binding is reduced am
ong patients homozygous for this particular haplotype. Thus, CX(3)CR1-1249
M280 is a recessive genetic risk factor in HIV/AIDS.