Caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants

Background. The xanthines have been shown to be effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. Limited reports are available in the literature co ncerning the use of these agents with apnea related to respiratory syncytia l virus (RSV) infections. Methods. A retrospective review was done to identify infants who received c affeine therapy for RSV-associated apnea. The number of apneic episodes dur ing the 2 hours before the use of caffeine and the number of apneic episode s after the administration of caffeine were compared using a Wilcoxon nonpa rametric test. Results. The 7 infants ranged in age from 14 to 64 days and in weight from 2.8 to 4.4 kg. The number of apneic episodes per hour for the 2 to 3 hours before the administration of caffeine ranged from 7 to 12, and the number o f episodes during the 3 hours after the administration of the first dose of caffeine ranged from 0 to 2. The apneic episodes after caffeine responded to external stimulation. Apnea recurred in 3 infants, 18 to 24 hours after the first dose of caffeine. These infants received a second dose of caffein e (5 mg/kg). Conclusions. Caffeine should be considered in the treatment of apnea relate d to RSV infections in neonates and infants.