Risk factors for recovery of ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant Escherichia coli in hospitalized patients

Ampicillin-sulbactam resistance in Escherichia coli is an emerging problem. This study determined risk factors for the recovery of ampicillin-sulbacta m-resistant E. coli in hospitalized patients. A case control design was use d to compare two groups of case patients with control patients. The first g roup of case patients consisted of patients from whom nosocomially acquired ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant E. coli strains were isolated, and the seco nd group of case patients consisted of patients from whom ampicillin-sulbac tam-susceptible E. coli strains were isolated. Control patients were a rand om selection among 5% of all patients admitted during the same time period. Risk factors analyzed included antimicrobial drug exposure, comorbid condi tions, and demographics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performe d. Ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from 175 pa tients, and ampicillin-sulbactam-susceptible E. coli strains were isolated from 577 patients. Nine hundred thirty-four control patients were selected. Exposure to penicillin antibiotics as a class and to ampicillin and ampici llin-sulbactam individually were the only significant, independent risk fac tors associated with the isolation of ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant E. coi l (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32 [P < 0.001], OR = 3.04 [P = 0.02], and OR = 1.72 [P = 0.04], respectively), but they were not associated with the isolation of ampicillin-sulbactam-susceptible E. coli, Interestingly, exposure to pip eracillin-tazobactam tended to protect against the isolation off. coli stra ins resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam, but this did not reach statistical s ignificance (OR = 0.13; P = 0.11).