The accuracy of physical examination to detect abdominal aortic aneurysm

Background: Abdominal palpation during physical examination is an important means of detecting abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but limited informatio n is available on its accuracy. Methods: Two hundred subjects (aged 51-88 years), 99 with and 101 without A AA as determined by previous ultrasound, each underwent physical examinatio n of the abdomen by 2 internists who were blinded to each other's findings and to the ultrasound diagnosis. Results: The overall accuracy of abdominal palpation for detecting AAA was as follows: sensitivity, 68% (95% confidence interval [CI],60%-76%); specif icity, 75% (95% CI, 68%-82%); positive-likelihood ratio, 2.7 (95% CI, 2.0-3 .6); negative likelihood ratio 0.43 (95% CI, 0.33-0.56). Interobserver pair agreement for AAA vs no AAA between the first and second examinations was 77% (kappa = 0.53). Sensitivity increased with AAA diameter, from 61% for A AAs of 3.0 to 3.9 cm, to 69% for AAAs of 4.0 to 4.9 cm, 72% for AAAs of 4.0 cm or larger, and 82% for AAAs of 5.0 cm or larger. Sensitivity in subject s with an abdominal girth less than 100 cm (40-in waistline) was 91% vs 53% for girth of 100 cm or greater (P<.001). When girth was 100 cm or greater and the aorta was palpable, sensitivity was 82%. When girth was less than 1 00 cm and the AAA was 5.0 cm or larger, sensitivity was 100% (12 examinatio ns). Factors independently associated with correct examination findings inc luded AAA diameter (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 per centimeter increase; 95% CI, 1.06-3.58); abdominal girth (OR, 0.90 per centimeter in crease; 95% CI, 0.8 7-0.94); and the examiner's assessment that the abdomen was not tight (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.17-6.13). Conclusions: Abdominal palpation has only moderate overall sensitivity for detecting AAA, but appears to be highly sensitive for diagnosis of AAAs lar ge enough to warrant elective intervention in patients who do not have a la rge girth. Abdominal palpation has good sensitivity even in patients with a large girth if the aorta is palpable.