Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenases containing altered MoFe proteins with substitutions in the FeMo-cofactor environment: Effects on the catalyzed reduction of acetylene and ethylene

Altered MoFe proteins of Azotobacter vinelandii Mo-nitrogenase, with amino acid substitutions in the FeMo-cofactor environment, were used to probe int eractions among C2H2, C2H4, CO, and H-2. The altered MoFe proteins used wer e the alpha-195(Asn) or alpha-195(Gln) MoFe proteins, which have either asp aragine or glutamine substituting for alpha-histidine-195, and the alpha-19 1(Lys) MoFe protein, which has lysine substituting for alpha-glutamine-191. On the basis of K-m determinations, C2H2 was a particularly poor substrate for the nitrogenase containing the alpha-191(Lys) MoFe protein. Using C2D2 , a correlation was shown between the stereospecificity of proton addition to give the products, cis- and trans-C2D2H2, and the propensity of nitrogen ase to produce ethane, The most extensive loss of stereospecificity occurre d with nitrogenases containing either the alpha-195(ASn) or the alpha-191(L ys) MoFe proteins, which also exhibited the highest rate of ethane producti on from C2H2, These data are consistent with the presence of a common ethyl enic intermediate on the enzyme, which is responsible for both ethane produ ction and loss of proton-addition stereochemistry, C2H4 was not a substrate of the nitrogenase with the alpha-191(Lys) MoFe protein and was a poor sub strate of the nitrogenases incorporating either the wild-type or the alpha- 195(Gln) MoFe protein, both of which had a low V-max and high K-m (120 kPa) . Ethylene was a somewhat better substrate for the nitrogenase with the alp ha-195(Asn) MoFe protein, which exhibited a K-m of 48 kPa and a specific ac tivity for C2H6 formation from C2H4 10-fold higher than the others. Neither the wild-type nitrogenase nor the nitrogenase containing the alpha-195(Asn ) MoFe protein produced cis-C2D2H2 when turned over under trans-C2D2H2 Thes e results suggest that the C2H4-reduction site is affected by substitution at residue alpha-195, although whether the effect is related to the substra te-reduction site directly or is mediated through disturbance of the delive ry of electrons/protons is unclear. Ethylene inhibited total electron flux, without uncoupling MgATP hydrolysis from electron transfer, to a similar e xtent for all four A. vinelandii nitrogenases. This observation indicates t hat this C2H4 flux-inhibition site is remote from the C2H4-reduction site. Added CO eliminated C2H4 reduction but did not fully relieve its electron-f lux inhibition with all four A. vinelandii nitrogenases, supporting the sug gestion that electron-flux inhibition by C2H4 is not directly connected to C2H4 reduction. Thus, C2H4 has two binding sites, and the presence of CO af fects only the site at which it binds as a substrate. When C2H2 was added, it also eliminated C2H6 production from C2H4 and also did not relieve elect ron-flux inhibition fully, Thus, C2H2 and C2H4 are likely reduced at the sa me site on the MoFe protein. Two schemes are presented to integrate the res ults of the interactions of C2H2 and C2H3 With the MoFe proteins.