Technology transfer and SMEs

Technology Research and Development (TR&D) is a strategic enabling element of any space undertaking, whether commercial or noncommercial. The timely a vailability of the relevant technologies in Europe is a key factor in ensur ing both the competitiveness and independence of the European space industr ial fabric. TR&D is also a key element in the implementation of an overall space strategy, Europe has invested more than 150 billion Euro to date in t he development of space programmes and their related technology. This inves tment, channelled mainly through ESA and national space agencies, has made it possible to create a strongly performing industrial base, competitive bo th in launcher products and services and in satellite markets at the global level.