Extraction of SPICE-type equivalent circuits of microwave components and discontinuities using the genetic algorithm optimization technique

In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) is employed as an efficient optim ization tool to derive SPICE-type equivalent circuits of microwave componen ts, and of discontinuities in coaxial lines, from their specified S-paramet ers, Nodal analysis and techniques are utilized in conjunction with the GA to extract these equivalent circuits, whose component values are the parame ters optimized by the GA. Numerical examples, that demonstrate the fact tha t GA yields excellent results for the cases studied, are included in the pa per.