Correlation between plasma carnitine, muscle carnitine and glycogen levelsin maintenance hemodialysis patients

Chronic hemodialysis (HD) may lead to losses of carnitine from plasma and m uscle. Plasma carnitine does not reflect the body content of carnitine, The purpose of this study was the evaluation of total and free plasma and musc le carnitine concentrations (TPC, FPC, TMC, FMC), muscle glycogen and the r elationship between plasma and tissue carnitine content and the basic indic es of lipid metabolism in HD patients. The studies were conducted in two gr oups: the first one consisted of 37 HD patients (19 F; 18 M), the second on e served as the control and was composed of 29 (10 F; 19 M) patients with h ealthy kidneys. Tissue specimens in HD patients were taken during surgery o n arterio-venous fistula from brachioradial muscle. Carnitine and glycogen measurements were performed using enzymatic methods according to Cederblad and Huijng respectively. Total cholesterol (CH), HDL-CH, and triglycerides were assayed by enzymatic commercial test system (Boehringer-Mannheim, Germ any). To summarise, we found the following phenomena in our HD patients in comparison with the controls. 1) in plasma: similar TPC but decreased FPC l evels and FPC/TPG ratio which may suggest free carnitine deficiency. 2) in muscle: significantly lower TMC and FMC levels but normal FMC/TMC ratio, 3) Negative correlation between TMC and FMC levels and duration of dialysis t reatment. 4) No correlation between plasma and muscle carnitine concentrati on. 5) Significantly higher concentration of muscle glycogen which could be explained by the changes in the structure of muscle fibres in HD patients and/or lower physical activity 6) A positive correlation between FPC/APC or FPC/TPG ratio and HDL-CH in HD patients which may suggest that an appropri ate proportion between free and acylcarnitines may influence HDL-CH levels in that population.