Concise derivation of formulas for 3D sublaminate homogenization

Typically, lamina by lamina modeling of thick composites is excessively exp ensive. Although formulas for sublaminate homogenization appear in the lite rature, there are discrepancies and the derivations are either not given or are complex. Herein. a simple, concise derivation of homogenization formul as is presented. The formulas are easily specialized for special classes of laminates. The formulas are expressed in an efficient form, which makes th em suitable for use in numerical simulations. Three-dimensional finite elem ent analysis was used to demonstrate that the formulas are exact.