Comparison of microporous membrane morphologies using confocal scanning laser microscopy

Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was investigated for the characte rization of microfiltration membrane morphology. Three microfilration membr anes were studied: a closed-cellular morphology (cellulose acetate membrane , Sartorius), a 'lacy'-like morphology (poly(vinylidene fluoride), Durapore , Millipore) and a cylindrical pores membrane (polycarbonate, Isopore, Mill ipore). Prior to visualization, the microporous membranes were mounted in i mmersion oil. Optical sections were taken at 1 mu m intervals. All membrane s were observed on 10 mu m thickness from their surface, on both sides. CSL M was found useful to characterize microporous membrane morphologies and wa s compared to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which views only surfaces. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.