Emphysematous pyelonephritis is rare. It is exceptionally associated with u
rolithiasis with obstruction of the collecting system. It is generally obse
rved in female diabetic patients. It is caused by gas-producing bacteria. W
e report a case in which emphysematous pyelonephritis was caused by an acin
etobacter, associated with pelvic ureteral junction lithiasis. Drainage and
nephrectomy were necessary to overcome this life threatening situation.