Deprotonation of enantiomerically pure hydrazones and subsequent trapping w
ith suitable electrophiles generates new stereogenic centers with excellent
stereoselectivity. To liberate the original carbonyl functionality in the
final products, it is necessary to cleave the hydrazone moiety. In recent y
ears, many reagents have been developed to regenerate carbonyl compounds fr
om the corresponding dialkylhydrazones which are compatible with a wide ran
ge of functionalities. This has allowed the use of hydrazones in the total
synthesis of complex natural products. This Account is meant to be an overv
iew of methods which are classified as oxidative, hydrolytic, and reductive
cleavage procedures.