Fluoride in the oral environment

A predominant part of the cariostatic activity of fluoride is a function of its concentration in the fluid environment of thr teeth. The fluoride expo sure results in affinity elevated steady-state level of fluoride in the ora l fluids, primarily in saliva and plaque fluid. So far, however, little is known about the intra-oral fluoride concentration necessary to achieve a ca riostatic effect at the site of action. Following fluoride intake, dic fluo ride remaining in the oral cavity is diluted by the saliva pool. The remain ing fluoride ma): be Found in several compartments in the oral cavity. It m ay. be ionized in saliva, ionized in plaque (plaque fluid, bound in plaque, bound as calcium fluoride, bound to enamel, and bound to soft tissues. Flu oride is also distributed to the oral tissues and into the dental plaque by diffusion. It is well established that plaque. after fluoride exposure, be comes a fluoride reservoir which stores for some time and releases fluoride . The present review gives an insight into the important parameters that de termine the disposition and fate of fluoride in the oral environment. To ac hieve in-depth understanding, and hence formulation of the optimal fluoride therapy, more information is needed to consolidate our understanding of th e distribution, retention, and elimination of fluoride in the oral cavity. Such knowledge will form a better basis for providing our patients with mor e effective dental fluor ide products and regimens.