Simulated moderate altitude elevates serum erythropoietin but does not increase reticulocyte production in well-trained runners

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the modest increases i n serum erythropoietin (sEpo) experienced after brief sojourns at simulated altitude are sufficient to stimulate reticulocyte production. Six well-tra ined middle-distance runners (HIGH, mean maximum oxygen uptake, (V) over do t O-2max = 70.2 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)) spent 8-11 h per night for 5 nights in a nitrogen house that simulated an altitude of 2650 m. Five squad member s (CONTROL, mean (V) over dot O-2max = 68.9 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)) undertoo k the same training, which was conducted under near-sea-level conditions (6 00 m altitude), and slept in dormitory-style accommodation also at 600 m al titude. For both groups, this 5-night protocol was undertaken on three occa sions, with a 3-night interim between successive exposures. Venous blood sa mples were measured for sEpo after 1 and 5 nights of hypoxia on each occasi on. The percentage of reticulocytes was measured, along with a range of ret iculocyte parameters that are sensitive to changes in erythropoiesis. Mean serum erythropoietin levels increased significantly (P < 0.01) above baseli ne values [mean (SD) 7.9 (2.4) mU . ml(-1)] in the HIGH group after the 1st night [11.8 (1.9) mU . ml(-1), 57%], and were also higher on the 5th night [10.7 (2.2) mU . ml(-1), 42%] compared with the CONTROL group, whose eryth ropoietin levels did not change. After athletes spent 3 nights at near sea level, the change in sEpo during subsequent hypoxic exposures was markedly attenuated (13% and -4% change during the second exposure, 26% and 14% chan ge during the third exposure; Ist and 5th nights of each block, respectivel y). The increase in sEpo was insufficient to stimulate reticulocyte product ion at any time point. We conclude that when daily training loads are contr olled, the modest increases in sEpo known to occur following brief exposure to a simulated altitude of 2650 m are insufficient to stimulate reticulocy te production.