Financing of environmental protection in Russia: The role of charges

A Danish political scientist, relying upon extensive field work and Familia rity with national and regional-level legislation, examines the practice of assessing monetary charges against those negatively affecting the environm ent in the Russian Federation and surveys the system of ecological funds ba sed on the revenues thus derived. particular attention is devoted to constr aints on the effectiveness of the funds, including nonpayments problems, in flationary pressures reducing real values of the charges, consolidation of funds into budgets, and delays in transfers among different levels of gover nment. Discussion of trends at the national level is supplemented with deta iled examples from Yaroslavl' Oblast. Journal of Economic Literature, Class ification Numbers: H20, Q28, Q38.