In Arabidopsis thaliana, the Salt Overly Sensitive 2 (SOS2) gene is require
d for intracellular Na+ and K+ homeostasis. Mutations in SOS2 cause Na+ and
K+ imbalance and render plants more sensitive toward growth inhibition by
high Na+ and low K+ environments. We isolated the SOS2 gene through positio
nal cloning. SOS2 is predicted to encode a serine/threonine type protein ki
nase with an N-terminal catalytic domain similar to that of the yeast SNF1
kinase. Sequence analyses of sos2 mutant alleles reveal that both the N-ter
minal catalytic domain and the C-terminal regulatory domain of SOS2 are fun
ctionally essential. The steady-state level of SOS2 transcript is up-regula
ted by salt stress in the root. Autophosphorylation assays show that SOS2 i
s an active protein kinase, In the recessive sos2-5 allele, a conserved gly
cine residue in the kinase catalytic domain is changed to glutamate. This m
utation abolishes SOS2 autophosphorylation, indicating that SOS2 protein ki
nase activity is required for salt tolerance.