Gastric emptying and plasma neurotensin levels in untreated celiac patients

Background: Upper gastrointestinal motor abnormalities could account for so me of the dyspeptic symptoms of celiac patients. However, the data on gastr ic emptying time are conflicting, and the pathophysiology of motor disturba nces is still unclear. Neurotensin modulates upper gastrointestinal motor a ctivity, and its postprandial increase is a reliable index of nutrient deli very to the ileum. We therefore assessed both plasma neurotensin levels and gastric emptying in untreated celiacs. Methods: The gastric antral area of nine untreated celiac patients and nine controls was measured with ultraso und at base line and every 30 min after a fatty meal (227 kcal, 45% fat); t he base-line and postprandial neurotensin plasma levels were determined by means of radioimmunoassay. The data are mean values +/- standard deviation and were analyzed by using non-parametric tests. Results: The overall and h alf gastric emptying time were significantly longer in the patients (203 +/ - 32 versus 133 +/- 15 min, P = 0.0117, and 137 +/- 32 versus 78 +/- 11 min , P = 0.0001). The pattern of the changes in antral area was similar in bot h groups during the observation period as a whole but differed significantl y in the first 120 min (P = 0.0343). Base-line neurotensin levels were sign ificantly higher in the patients (41.6 +/- 23.9 versus 18.2 +/- 5.5 pg/ml, P = 0.0214) and their net postprandial increase was lower than in controls (15.0 +/- 15.9 versus 29.8 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, P = 0.046). In both groups the b ase-line neurotensin levels were related to the half gastric emptying time (P = 0.023). Conclusions: In untreated celiac patients gastric emptying tim e is longer than in controls and is concomitant with an increase in base-li ne plasma neurotensin levels.