Literature review of heat treatment simulations with respect to phase transformation, residual stresses and distortion

A literature review of numerical simulations of heat treatment was performe d. The model used in the numerical simulation can be divided into three maj or parts that are mutually coupled: temperature calculation, phase transfor mation and mechanical response. The parts and couplings are introduced; exa mples, theoretical results and verifications of different models are presen ted to show the accuracy of the calculations compared with experiments. It was found that today, the simulations are performed in two steps, the calcu lation of temperature history e-way coupled with phase transformation, and the mechanical response as a subsequent calculation of distortion and resid ual stresses taking the temperature history as well as the actual phase vol ume fractions into account. Research subjects are the diffusion-controlled phase transformation in non-isothermal cooling and the stress dependency of phase transformations. Other research topics concern the type of hardening as laser surface hardening.