Psychological, behavioural, and social adjustment in children and adolescents with juvenile chronic arthritis

Objective-To assess the psychological, behavioural and social adjustment of children (7-11 years) and adolescents (12-16 years) with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Higher rates of maladjustment were expected to be found in these patients. Methods-Self report questionnaires were used within the context of personal interviews. Family functioning and social support were studied as well. Fo rty seven patients with JCA, 52 healthy peers and their respective parents participated in the study. Results-Self esteem, perceived competence and body image in patients with J CA were as positive as they were in healthy participants. There were no dif ferences between ill and healthy youngsters with respect to the incidence o f psychopathology. Patients with JCA, in general, perceived themselves as s ocially competent, but they seemed to have somewhat less opportunity or ene rgy to participate in social activities. Children with JCA showed a high le vel of aspiration to cope with social expectations. This aspiration seemed to be even stronger in case the disease caused more strains, for example, i n periods of inflammation and in the systemic onset type. The high level of social adjustment in children with JCA seemed to be supported by highly co hesive family structures. Generally, adolescents with JCA experienced much social support. Conclusions-In contrast with our expectation, children and adolescents with JCA seemeed to cope quite well with the psychological and social consequen ces of their long term condition. For future studies, it is hypothesised th at the high levels of adaptation might imply an enduring psychological stra in, which is reflected in an altered function of the autonomic nervous syst em.