Hereditary dyslipidaemias and combined risk factors in children with a family history of premature coronary artery disease

Aim-Schoolchildren aged 10-11 with a family history of premature coronary a rtery disease (CAD), were examined in order to identify children with genet ically determined dyslipidaemias and a combination of risk factors. Methods-A total of 4000 questionnaires were distributed by the school; 55% of the families answered and returned the questionnaire. Blood lipids, apol ipoprotein B, and Lp(a) lipoprotein were analysed in high risk children and their parents. Results-A family history of premature CAD in parents or grandparents was id entified in 208 families; 175 agreed to take part in a clinical examination and laboratory tests. Normal blood lipid tests were found in 89 children. Another 48 had an isolated increase of Lp(a) lipoprotein of minor clinical importance. Of the remaining 38 children, 23 had nonhereditary abnormalitie s of low (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or apolipoprot ein B. Fifteen children were suspected to have genetically determined dysli pidaemias or a combination of risk factors: in four, possible familial hype rcholesterolaemia (FH); in five, possible familial combined hyperlipidaemia ; in three, hereditary low HDL cholesterol; and in three a combination of h igh LDL cholesterol and kp(a) lipoprotein concentrations. in addition, poss ible FH was detected in eight of the parents. Conchrsion-It is worthwhile asking parents about the occurrence of prematur e CAD among their child's closest relatives.