Musculo-skeletal ultrasound of the shoulder

The objective of this course is to present the normal and pathological aspe cts of the various periarticular structures of the shoulder, and the practi cal modalities of their analysis. The anatomy and pitfalls of tendon imaging is recalled, as well as the inte rest to detect intra and peri articular effusions. The semiological aspects of complete and partial tears of the rotator cuff and the various impingme nt syndromes, well demonstrated with dynamic sonography, are then studied. The examination requires time and knowledge but the diagnostic and therapeu tic impact is very important regarding the low cost of this technique. The standardisation of the procedure and the production of normal reference images seems to garantee a global increase in quality of the sonographic e xaminations.