Modelling the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in the regulation of invertebrate pests in glasshouse crops

1. Entomopathogenic nematodes belonging to the families Heterorhabditidae a nd Steinernematidae are lethal obligate parasites of a wide range of invert ebrate species. These nematodes exhibit many characteristics that make them ideal candidates as biological control agents of insect pests (rapid host death, high reproductive rates, easily mass-reared in vitro, easy applicati on techniques). 2. However, at present, the number of pest species to which these nematodes are applied successfully is small. Clearly, there is a need to develop exi sting knowledge of the nematode into a more complete understanding of the n ematode-pest system as a whole. 3. To consider the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological co ntrol agents, we adopted a generalized analytical modelling approach and, u sing realistic parameter estimates, determined the conditions under which t hese nematodes can regulate a pest population. 4. Stability analyses suggested that entomopathogenic nematodes may not be capable of regulating a host population to a stable equilibrium. Long-term persistence of the host and nematode population is unlikely, due to the hig hly destabilizing effects of the parasite-host relationship. As such, these nematodes may be better suited to short-term control through inundative ap plication techniques rather than long-term regulation. 5. This preliminary generalized model highlights areas where further work i s needed. This includes estimation of the probability of nematode infection in the field, the effect of host size on the transmission cycle and the in fluence of spatial heterogeneity on stability.