The efficiency of relativistic Cherenkov oscillators is analyzed using the
general equations of excitation of longitudinally irregular waveguides. It
is shown that, on the basis of partial optimization of the slowing-system p
rofile of the relativistic backward-wave tube (BWT), its efficiency can rea
ch 40 and 60% for reflection-type oscillators. In both cases, the transform
ation of the forward wave to the backward wave and vice versa in regular an
d irregular corrugated waveguides is of importance.