A telemetry system for studying decapod crustacean behaviour is described w
hich uses low frequency, digitally encoded electromagnetic tags whose signa
ls are detected with a grid of loop aerials on the seabed. Electromagnetic
telemetry can be used to study short range movements of cryptic animals in
topographically complex habitats that are not amenable to ultrasonic teleme
try. Digital encoding allows many individuals to be monitored simultaneousl
y and one or more behavioural, physiological or environmental variables to
be telemetered. In the present system, tag signals convey identity and a me
asure of activity derived from an integral tilt switch. Translocational mov
ements are indicated by detection of tags with different aerials. A central
data logger located on the seabed decodes and records tag signals and envi
ronmental measurements. Design life of tags is > 1 year and the receiving s
ystem batteries are replaced by divers at intervals of up to 4 weeks. In fi
eld tests, crab (Cancer pagurus L.) and lobster (Homarus gammarus (L.)) act
ivity was monitored at an artificial reef for 14 months. Examples of the ty
pe of information acquired are presented to illustrate the capabilities of
the system and potential applications are discussed. Limitations of digital
electromagnetic telemetry stem mainly from the short range of detection, t
he need for cables on the seabed and the size and shape of the transmitting
tag. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.