History of tectonic evolution of Gujarat alluvial plains, western India during Quaternary: A review

The lineaments recognised in the Gujarat alluvial plains correspond to majo r structural and basement fault trends. The geomorphic and drainage anomali es in the plains are in conformity with the subsurface structural features. The variable thickness of the Quaternary sediment cover suggests sedimenta tion in fault-bounded sub-basins within a larger basin. The exposed sedimen t column of 40-50 m dates back to similar to 125 ka. The Quaternary evoluti onary history of the Gujarat alluvial plains has been divided into three st ages marked by distinct tectonic changes. Four phases of tectonic activity during the Quaternary have played a significant role in the evolution of th ese plains. The first two are associated with the deposition of a large vol ume of sediments. The last two comprise tectonic uplifts which have shaped the present landscape of Gujarat alluvial plains. Extensive ravines, valley fill terraces, asymmetric drainage, deeply incised fluvial valleys and ent renched meanders are manifestations of tectonic uplift during the Holocene. The seismic record of the last few hundred years suggests continued tecton ic instability of the area in and around Gujarat alluvial plains.