A new species of Chondrodesmus SILVESTRI, 1897, from near Tefe, Central Amazonia, Brazil, with first ecological observations (Diplopoda, Polydesmida,Chelodesmidae)

Chondrodesmus mamirauaensis n.sp. is described from Mamiraua Sustainable De velopment Reserve, environs of Tefe, Amazonia, Brazil, with first ecologica l data given. The new species comes closest, both structurally and geograph ically, to Ch. mimus CHAMBERLIN, 1941, known from a single female (holotype ) from Iquitos, Peru, but differs clearly at least by the much smaller body size (width up to 7.5 versus 13 mm) and the pallid versus brown epiproct. This is not only the first formal record of both the genus Chondrodesmus SI LVESTRI, 1897 and the tribe Chondrodesmini in Brazil, but also the first re presentative of the entire family Chelodesmidae showing Vertical migrations in response to annual inundation in the Central Amazonian varzea forests.