B. Lygren et al., Effect of induced hyperoxia on the antioxidant status of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fed three different levels of dietary vitamin E, AQUAC RES, 31(4), 2000, pp. 401-407
Atlantic salmon smolt (64 g) were fed 40, 300 or 1100 mg kg(-1) all-rac-alp
ha-tocopheryl acetate feed under normoxic and moderate hyperoxic conditions
for 12 weeks. After 7 weeks, however, the hyperoxic fish were subjected to
a temporary severe supersaturation of dissolved oxygen with development of
gas bubble disease and substantial mortality as a result. Liver alpha-toco
pherol (alpha-TOH) levels reflected the dietary input after 6 and 12 weeks
of feeding. Increased levels of thiobarbituric-reactive substances (TBARS)
in the liver of hyperoxygenated fish after 6 weeks indicate that moderate h
yperoxic conditions may represent an oxidative challenge to the fish. After
12 weeks, liver ascorbic acid (AA) content was reduced in hyperoxygenated
fish, and a decreasing tendency was also found in the liver content of alph
a-TOH. Effects of oxygen supersaturation were also observed on liver antiox
idant enzyme activities, content of glutathione and total mercapthans in li
ver, phagocytic chemiluminescent response and total plasma protein level, i
ndicating a disturbed redox balance. No effects of dietary vitamin E were o
bserved on any of the measured parameters, indicating that high levels of d
ietary vitamin E under these circumstances did not protect the fish against
oxidative stress.