The effect of continuity of care on emergency department use

Objective: To examine whether continuity of care with an individual health care provider is associated with the number of hospital emergency departmen t (ED) visits in a statewide Medicaid population. Design: A cross-sectional study based on a 100% sample of Delaware Medicaid claims for 1 year (July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1994). Continuity with a sing le provider during the year was computed for each participant. Setting: The state of Delaware. Participants: Continuously enrolled Medicaid clients aged 0 to 64 years who had made at least 3 physician office visits during the study year (N = 11 474). Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Likelihood of making a single ED visit or multiple E D visits during the study year. Results: In multivariate analysis, continuity is associated with a signific antly lower likelihood of making a single ED visit (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% c onfidence interval, 0.70-0.95), and is even more strongly associated with a lower likelihood of making multiple ED visits (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confi dence interval, 0.56-0.76). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that high provider continuity is assoc iated with lower ED use for the Medicaid population. This suggests that str ategies to improve continuity of care may result in lower ED use and possib ly reduced health care costs. Such strategies may be more acceptable than c urrent managed care policies that attempt to control costs by denying acces s to emergency care.