S. Shimbo et al., Correlation between urine and blood concentrations, and dietary intake of cadmium and lead among women in the general population of Japan, INT A OCCUP, 73(3), 2000, pp. 163-170
Citations number
41
Categorie Soggetti
Envirnomentale Medicine & Public Health","Pharmacology & Toxicology
Journal title
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Objective: To examine whether lead (Pb) in urine and cadmium (Cd) in blood,
especially the former, can be used as markers of environmental exposure of
general populations to these metals. Methods: Between 1991 and 1998, spot
urine and peripheral blood samples, together with 24 h duplicates of food i
ntake were collected from 607 non-smoking adult women in 30 survey sites (S
S) in seven administrative regions all over Japan. Urine, blood and food du
plicate samples were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry, f
or Cd and Pb in urine (Cd-U and Pb-U), in blood (Cd-B and Pb-B) and in food
duplicates (Cd-F and Pb-F). Correlation between the measurements was exami
ned by regression analysis. Results: The Cd-B correlated closely with Cd-U,
and both Cd-B and Cd-U with Cd-F, on an individual basis (n = 607), on an
SS basis (n = 30) and on a regional basis (n = 7). The Pb-U however did not
correlate with Pb-B on a regional basis although they correlated with each
other when analyzed on an individual as well as SS basis. Moreover, the co
rrelation coefficients between Pb-U and Pb-B were much smaller than those b
etween Cd-U and Cd-B. Neither Pb-U nor Pb-B showed significant correlation
with Pb-F on any levels of statistical analysis. Conclusions: Both Cd-B and
Cd-U can be employed as biomarkers of environmental Cd exposure. The relia
bility of Pb-U for use in place of Pb-B appeared to be small.