Toxicity in head and neck cancer: A review of trends and issues

The quest for improved fractionation and combined modality regimens in head and neck cancer has also yielded progressively higher rates of toxicity. T ime compression of dose delivery in accelerated fractionation has produced high rates of severe mucositis including the early stoppage of two randomiz ed trials. The addition of chemotherapy has introduced systemic toxicity an d can exacerbate local tissue reactions when used concurrent with radiother apy. Mucositis is recognized as the principal impediment to efforts at furt her treatment intensification. The development and utilization of standardi zed toxicity grading criteria and accepted reporting standards has lagged t oxicity production, impeding a full appreciation of the true extent of both acute and late toxicity. Objective data regarding acute and chronic effect s on organ function are also sorely lacking. A better characterization of t he frequency, severity, and duration of the various toxicities encountered in head and neck cancer will also allow the rational development of toxicit y interventions. New methods are needed to summarize the global or aggregat e toxicity of a treatment program. Further research into the assessment and analysis of toxicity is not only crucial to improvements in quality of lif e (QOL), but perhaps, improved rates of disease control as well. (C) 2000 E lsevier Science Inc.