K. Strand et al., Two distinct lineages of macaque gamma herpesviruses related to the Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus, J CLIN VIRO, 16(3), 2000, pp. 253-269
Background: KSHV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a necessary c
ofactor for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We have previously re
ported KSHV-related DNA sequences in retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) tiss
ue from two species of macaque. The putative herpesvirus was called RFHV fo
r RF-associated herpesvirus. These data suggested that KSHV is a human repr
esentative of a larger family of primate herpesviruses. Objective: To ident
ify and characterize other members of a putative family of KSHV-related her
pesviruses in macaques in order to obtain information on the evolutionary h
istory of KSHV infection in humans. Study design: Lymphoid tissue cells and
blood leukocytes from rhesus-, cynomolgus- and pigtailed-macaques were tes
ted for the presence of unknown herpesviruses using degenerate primer-drive
n PCR amplification. The sequences obtained were compared against known her
pesvirus sequences. Results: We have identified new herpesvirus DNA sequenc
es in each of the three macaque species. Sequence comparisons indicate that
these new viruses are most related to each other and form a separate phylo
genetic lineage within the gamma herpesviruses. Screening of PBMC from Indo
nesian-origin quarantine animals suggests that these viruses (MGV, macaque
gamma virus) are species-specific, and highly prevalent in the wild. They a
re readily cultured in vivo, and share a common tissue tropism with the pre
viously identified RFHV. Conclusions: MGV and RFHV represent two independen
t introductions of an ancestral gamma herpesvirus into macaque precursors.
(C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.