Allogeneic blood and bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation in haematological malignant diseases: a randomised trial

Background Autologous transplantation with peripheral blood stem cells (PBS C) results in faster haematopoietic-cell repopulation than with bone marrow . We prospectively compared bone marrow and PBSC for allogeneic transplanta tion. Methods Adult HLA-identical sibling donors provided bone marrow and lenogra stim-mobilised PBSC. 39 patients with malignant haematological disorders we re infused with either bone marrow (n=19) or PBSC (n=20) after standard con ditioning regimens in a double-blind, randomised fashion. The identity of t he infused products for all patients remained mashed until 1 year after the last patient had received transplantation. Findings The PBSC group had significantly faster neutrophil recovery to 0.5 x10(9)/L (median 17.5 vs 23 days, p=0.002), and platelet recovery to 20x10( 9)/L (median 11 vs 18 days, p<0.0001) and to 50x10(9)/L (median 20.5 vs 27 days, p=0.02) than the bone-marrow group. PBSC patients were discharged fro m hospital earlier than were bone-marrow patients (median 26 vs 31 days, p= 0.01). At 4 weeks after transplantation, absolute lymphocytes (0.48 vs 0.63 , p=0.08) and CD25 cells (0.04 vs 0.08, p=0.007) were higher in the PBSC gr oup, and the proportion of patients with absolute lymphopenia (74% vs 33%, p=0.03) and CD4 lymphopenia (59% vs 24%, p=0.05) was significantly higher i n the bone-marrow group. There was no significant difference in the occurre nce of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease and overall survival. The probability of relapse was significantly higher in the bone-marrow group t han in the PBSC group (p=0.01); all five relapses occurred among bone-marro w recipients. Interpretation Our small study indicates that PBSCs are better than bone ma rrow for allogeneic transplantation from HLA-identical siblings in terms of faster haematopoietic and immune recovery, and have the potential to reduc e disease recurrence.