Diurnal variation in spontaneous eye-blink rate

The daily pattern of spontaneous eye-blink rate (BR), a non-invasive periph eral measure of central dopamine activity, was investigated in 24 healthy s ubjects. The spontaneous eye-blink rate showed a stable pattern in morning, midday and afternoon hours. A significant increase was found at the evenin g time point (20.30 h). The finding is suggestive of a late evening increas e of central dopamine activity. An increased level of subjective sleepiness was also found at the same evening point, at a time corresponding to the ' evening wake maintenance zone' or the 'forbidden zone for sleep'. A possibl e hypothesis is that the 'forbidden zone for sleep' may reflect a dopamine- mediated activation that counteracts a rising sleep drive. The role of diur nal variation of dopamine function should be considered both in the choice of the drug treatment regimen, and in the evaluation of biological and neur opsychological parameters. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All right s reserved.