A time-domain boundary element method and an electro-mechanical recipr
ocity relation are applied to model the ultrasonic pulse echo in a sol
id. Three different coupling boundary integral equations have been obt
ained respectively for the scatterer represented by void, liquid and s
olid. An exact model is presented for the ultrasonic transmission, sca
ttering and reception. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.