This paper shows that introducing agency considerations into a model o
f innovations and growth can have radical consequences as to the effec
ts of competition policy and industrial policy on the rate of technolo
gical change. Whilst competition policy (resp. industrial policy) has
a negative (resp, a positive) effect on growth in a Schumpeterian mode
l with profit-maximising firms, these effects are shown to be both rev
ersed when agency problems within innovating firms become sufficiently
important. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.