A post-mortem myelogram was used to diagnose a vertebral fracture in a
Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). This diagnosis led the authors t
o believe that myelography would be useful in live birds, In a pilot s
tudy using live adult female chickens (Gallus domesticus), mammalian m
yelographic techniques were modified for avian anatomic differences, A
thoracolumbar puncture site was used rather than the lumbar or cister
nal site which is commonly used in mammals, The volume of contrast med
ium needed to produce a diagnostic myelogram in birds (0.8-1.2 ml/kg)
was found to be approximately four Limes that needed in mammals, A 25
gauge spinal needle was used rather than a 23 gauge needle, Myelograms
of diagnostic quality were obtained with normal subject recovery, Sei
zures, the most common post-myelographic complication in mammals, were
not observed in any of the birds studied, Avian myelography was found
to be a cost effective and humane technique with potential applicatio
n to avian practice.