Validity of rapid estimates of household wealth and income for health surveys in rural Africa

Study objective-To test the validity of proxy measures of household wealth and income that can be readily implemented in health surveys in rural Afric a. Design-Data are drawn from four different integrated household surveys. The assumptions underlying the choice of wealth proxy are described, and corre lations with the true value are assessed in two different settings. The exp enditure proxy is developed and then tested for replicability in two indepe ndent datasets representing the same population. Setting-Rural areas of Mali, Malawi, and Cote d'Ivoire (two national survey s). Participants-Random sample of rural households in each setting (n=275, 707, 910, and 856, respectively). Main results-In both Mali and Malawi, the wealth proxy correlated highly (r greater than or equal to 0.74) with the more complex monetary value method . For rural areas of Cote d'Ivoire, it was possible to generate a list of j ust 10 expenditure items, the values of which when summed correlated highly with expenditures on all items combined (r=0.74, development dataset, r=0. 72, validation dataset). Total household expenditure is an accepted alterna tive to household income in developing country settings. Conclusions-It is feasible to approximate both household wealth and expendi tures in rural African settings without dramatically lengthening questionna ires that have a primary focus on health outcomes.