Alkaline fuel cells applications

On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimen tation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opport unities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission res trictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be us ed as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen- air fuel cell system with circulating KOB electrolyte and low-cost catalyse d carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experien ces of Kordesch [K. Kordesch, Brennstoff-batterien, Springer, Wien, 1984, I SBN 3-387-81819-7; K. Kordesch, City car with H-2-air fuel cell and lead-ba ttery, SAE Paper No. 719015, 6th IECEC 1971], who operated a city car hybri d vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air elec trodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage: is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fue l cell (AFC), is characterised by a simple design and high efficiency. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.