Surfaces are becoming more important especially as miniaturization progress
es and with the advent of micro mechanics. The role of the surface is explo
red with respect to control of manufacture and prediction of performances a
t interfaces and rubbing bodies. This is developed to include some aspects
of designer surfaces. Instruments for measuring surfaces are critically exa
mined. These include the well-known stylus method, optical methods and the
new generation of scanning probe methods: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). Finally, the ways in which surfaces a
re characterized from profile traces and over an area are described.