Cl. Gross et al., Aggregated flowering phenologies among three sympatric legumes - The degree of non-randomness and the effect of overlap on fruit set, PLANT ECOL, 148(1), 2000, pp. 13-21
The flowering phenologies of three sympatric legumes, Dillwynia hispida Lin
dley, D. uncinata (Turcz.) J.Black and Pultenaea densifolia F.Muell. (Fabac
eae), were measured over a three-year period in a semi-arid ecosystem. Each
species produced a single flowering episode per year which lasted about 15
weeks and which overlapped considerably with those of the remaining two sp
ecies. A comparison of the actual flowering schedules over two years with t
hose generated from Monte Carlo simulations showed that the flowering sched
ules of the three species were significantly clumped. Fruit-to-flower ratio
s on D. hispida plants were calculated over two flowering periods and these
values were correlated with conspecific and heterospecific flower abundanc
es to determine whether the extent of overlap in flowering schedules was as
sociated with elevated or depressed levels of fruit set. Partial correlatio
ns between heterospecific floral densities and fruit-to-flower ratios were
usually positive, indicating a possible selective advantage favouring these
convergent flowering schedules.