Following the increase in oil prices in the mid-1970s, Britain assessed its
geothermal resources. Low-temperature, hot-water resources, in the range 4
0 degrees C to 100 degrees C, occur in Permo-Triassic sandstones in several
deep sedimentary basins. In total these resources are estimated at 69.1 x
10(18) joules (J) (2576 million tonnes coal equivalent). Resources also occ
ur in Upper Palaeozoic aquifers but, as the permeability of these aquifers
depends upon fissures, exploitation is difficult. The only surface manifest
ations of hot water at depth are the warm springs at Bath and Bristol and i
n the Peak District and Taff Valley, which issue from the Carboniferous Lim
estone; The potential of radiothermal granites for Hot Dry Rock (HDR) devel
opment has also been investigated, particularly in the Cammenellis granite
in Cornwall. Three boreholes drilled in the granite to depths of over 2 km
have been connected by developing natural fractures. Water circulation betw
een the boreholes and through the fractured rock has been successful.