Condom acceptance is higher among travelers in Uganda

Objective: To examine the role played by mobile residents in the spread of HIV through rural Uganda. Design: Travel history and sexual network data were collected from a random sample of 1627 residents aged 15-49 years in Rakai District, Uganda during 1994. Methods: Travelers and non-travelers are compared with respect to socio-dem ographic attributes, risk exposure, knowledge, attitudes and use of condoms using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. A demog raphic profile of travelers' partners is developed using information from a local network survey module. Results: The population is highly mobile, with over 70% reporting travel to a potentially higher risk destination in the past year. Travelers are some what more likely to have higher levels of sexual risk behavior, but the ris k appears to be offset by significantly greater knowledge, acceptance, and use of condoms. In multivariate analysis, the sexual risk differential for travelers is explained by occupational exposure and higher socio-economic s tatus. The differential in condom acceptance, by contrast, appears to be as sociated with travel itself. Condom use with non-spousal partners is three times higher among travelers than non-travelers (P < 0.001), and travel rem ains a significant predictor after controlling for age, education, residenc e, occupation and multiple partners. Travelers are more likely to use condo ms with both their local and non-local partners. Partners of male travelers are likely to be younger and better educated than those of male non-travel ers. Conclusions: The mobile population in this rural region appears willing to adopt risk reduction measures appropriate to their exposure. This suggests that targeting condom promotion programs to travelers and their partners is likely to be effective in reducing the spatial diffusion of HIV, and may b e an efficient method for spreading behavioral change into rural areas. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.