Safety recommendations in Shotokan karate

Objective: To study risk factors for injury in karate and to establish safe ty recommendations. Design: Cross-sectional survey of karate injuries. Setting: Shotokan karate clubs in Boston, Massachusetts, Dallas, Texas, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Participants: All athletes training at each club received surveys. A total of 114 surveys were analyzed (74% response rate). Main outcome measures: Presence of injuries (requiring any time off from pr actice), major injuries (requiring at least 7 days off), and multiple injur ies (3 or more injuries). Results: No statistically significant differences were found with respect t o sex. For all outcomes, karateka younger than 18 years of age had fewer in juries. The number of karateka with injuries and with multiple injuries inc reased with belt rank until brown belt, then reached a plateau. Brown and b lack belts had a greater frequency of major injuries than the lower ranks. Training more than 3 hours per week correlated with an increase in injuries , major injuries, and multiple injuries. Conclusion: Shotokan karate appears to be a safe sport, especially for thos e younger than 18 years of age. Risk of injury increases significantly when younger karateka of any rank or older karateka of lower ranks train more t han 3 hours per week; therefore, to reduce the risk of injury to less than 50%, weekly training should be limited to a maximum of 3 hours in these gro ups.