Objective: To study fluid and sodium balance in two ultra-distance triathle
tes.
Design: Prospective case study.
Setting: An ultradistance triathlon (3.8 km swim, 180 km cycle, 42.2 km run
), and during overnight recovery. Ambient air temperature at 12:00 p.m. rac
e day was 21 degrees C, with a relative humidity of 91%. Water temperature
was 20.7 degrees C.
Subjects: Two female ultradistance triathletes, ages 30 and 39 years, who w
ere participating in a larger study investigating weight and electrolyte ch
anges in the Ironman triathlon.
Interventions: None.
Main Outcome Measures: Subjects were weighed and had blood drawn for serum
sodium concentration, hemoglobin, hematocrit, arginine vasopressin, and ald
osterone concentration prior to and after the race, and at 8:OO a.m. the fo
llowing morning. Sodium and fluid intake and urinary output were measured d
uring recovery.
Results: Both subjects; developed mild hyponatremia (Na 131 and 130 mmol/L)
during the race, with a weight gain (0.5 and 1.5 kg). Neither subject had
large sodium losses (24 mmol and 20 mmol). Fluid consumption was 733 ml/h a
nd 764 ml/h. Plasma volume increased during the race (25 and 16%). Arginine
vasopressin (AVP) levels were not elevated in either subject (1.2 and 1.9
pmol/L). Both subjects demonstrated a water excess during the race (1.5 and
2.5 L), and lost weight during recovery (2.0 and 4.5 LE)
Conclusions: Hyponatremia resulted from fluid retention in the extracellula
r space, without evidence of large sodium losses or inappropriate AVP secre
tion.