Advances in piezoelectric finite element modeling of adaptive structural elements: a survey

This paper makes a first attempt to survey and discuss the advances and tre nds in the formulations and applications of the finite element modeling of adaptive structural elements. For most contributions, the specific assumpti ons, in particular those of electrical type, and the characteristics of the elements are precised. The informations are illustrated in tables and figu res for helpful use by the researchers as well as the designers interested in this growing field of smart materials and structures. Focus is put on th e development of adaptive piezoelectric finite elements only. However, pape rs on other applications and active systems are also listed for completenes s purpose. In total, more than 100 papers were found in the open literature . Taking this number as a measure of research activity, trends and ideas fo r future research are identified and outlined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Lt d. All rights reserved.