Treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis by pentamidine isethionate - An open study of 11 patients

Background: Pentavalent antimonial derivatives (PAD), especially meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime(R)), are usually considered as the first-line drugs for Old World leishmaniasis, but their potential toxicity and the number o f required injection, either intralesional or intramuscular, prompt to sear ch for alternative treatments. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and to lerance of pentamidine isethionate in Old World leishmaniasis. Methods: An open pilot study included 11 patients from two regional academic centers, w ith varied parasitological forms of Old World leishmaniasis, treated with t hree strictly intramuscular injections of 4 mg/kg of base-pentamidine every other day. Results: Tolerance was good overal, and 8/11 (73%) of patients responded well with a quick healing of their lesions, little scarring and n o relapse. Conclusion: Pentamidine isethionate is a safe and effective firs t-line treatment for Old World leishmaniasis. Larger-scale prospective stud ies comparing several dosage regimens of pentamidine and pentamidine isethi onate to PAD are warranted. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.